A voltage stabilizer, also known as a voltage regulator, is an electrical device designed to maintain a stable voltage level in an electrical system despite fluctuations in the input voltage. The primary function of a voltage stabilizer is to ensure that the output voltage remains within a specified range, providing a consistent and reliable power supply to connected electrical equipment.
The working principle of a voltage stabilizer involves the use of a control circuit that continuously monitors the input voltage. When the input voltage deviates, the stabilizer takes corrective actions to adjust and stabilize the output voltage. There are different types of voltage stabilizers, including servo-controlled stabilizers and solid-state electronic stabilizers, and their working principles may vary. Here, we'll provide a general overview of how a typical servo-controlled voltage stabilizer works:
Sensing the Input Voltage:
The voltage stabilizer is equipped with a voltage-sensing mechanism, such as a potential transformer, that continuously monitors the input voltage.
Comparison with Reference Voltage:
The sensed input voltage is compared to a reference voltage, which represents the desired or specified output voltage level. This reference voltage is set based on the requirements of the connected equipment. In SUNTEK stabilizers it is 220 Volts or 230 Volts
Error Detection:
The difference between the sensed input voltage and the reference voltage is referred to as the error. The control circuit detects this error signal.
Control Circuit:
The control circuit processes the error signal and determines the corrective action required to bring the output voltage back to the desired level.
Actuator or Servo Motor:
In a servo-controlled stabilizer, an actuator or servo motor is employed to adjust the position of a variable transformer or an autotransformer. The servo motor moves the transformer's tap position, altering the turns ratio and, consequently, the output voltage. In relay stabilizers, additional parts of the coil winding are connected (each relay is responsible for its own small segment of the coil).
Voltage Correction:
The movement of the transformer tap position corrects the voltage error. If the input voltage increases, the stabilizer reduces the output voltage by adjusting the tap position, and vice versa.
Stabilized Output:
The stabilizer continues to make real-time adjustments to the transformer tap position, ensuring that the output voltage remains within the acceptable range despite fluctuations in the input voltage.
Overload and Overvoltage Protection:
Many voltage stabilizers are equipped with protective features such as overload protection and overvoltage protection to safeguard connected equipment from electrical anomalies. For example, SUNTEK voltage stabilizers operate at very high temperatures up to 50 degrees or very low temperatures down to minus 30. And if there is a thunderstorm in your region, don’t worry - lightning protection is already built into the basic version of the voltage stabilizer.
In summary, a voltage stabilizer maintains a stable output voltage by continuously monitoring the input voltage and making adjustments as necessary. This helps protect sensitive electrical and electronic equipment from damage caused by voltage fluctuations.